In this research a high yield, homogenous and fast bottom-up wet-chemical method has been carried out for the synthesis of platinum nanocrystal (Pt-NC) and up to micron size (Pt-M). After synthesis of the particles, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), ultra violet (UV) spectrum, size, shape, and composition were measured for each set. Platinum nanocrystal attained by preventing particles to grow directly after reduction of Pt+ 4 to Pt0. Pt-NC constructed by statistic repulsion of ionic surfactant surrounded nanocrystals. The final size of the Pt-NC found to be 3. 8 ± 0. 72 nm. Before sonication treatment, particle size of 705. 2 ± 80. 3 nm was achieved. After sonication, particle size increased to 1046. 1 ± 199 nm. Particles were formed in a controllable way, homogenous and mono-disperse in size and shape. It is confirmed that sonication except for the sharpness of the spectrum did not alter the peak wavelengths. The suggested synthesis method enabled cost-effective concrete control over size, shape, concentration, and time of the synthesis.

Crude topiramate was prepared from the reaction between diacetonefructopyranose, sulfuric diamide, and 2-picoline. During a controlled processing the presence of Triton-X-100, crude topiramate in a methanol-water solvent, was converted to pure micron size topiramate particles. The factors affecting the purification and micronization of topiramate, such as solvent and anti-solvent type and concentration ratio, temperature, and mixing speed, were investigated. A mechanism for the preparation of topiramate was proposed based on the results of changes in the concentration of the raw materials and an investigation of the intermediates. In addition, the solubility rate of topiramate with different particle sizes has been determined.

Highly crystalline Bi3+-doped cadmium oxide (CdO) sub-micron structures were synthesized by calcination the obtained precursor from a sol-gel reaction. The reaction was carried out with cadmium nitrate (Cd (NO3)2.4H2O), bismuth nitrate (Bi (NO3)3.5H2O) and ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) reactants without any additives at 80oC for 2h. Resulting gel was calcined at 900 oC with increasing temperature rate of 15oC per minute for 12 h in a furnace. As a result of heating, the organic section of gel was removed and Bi3+-doped cadmium oxide micro structure was produced. The obtained compound from the sol-gel technique possesses a cubic crystalline structure at micro scale. Powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) study indicated that the obtained Bi3+-doped CdO has a cubic phase. Also, SEM images showed that the resulting material is composed of particles with the average diameter of 1 mm. Also, UV–vis and FT-IR spectroscopies were employed to characterize the Bi3+-doped CdO micro structures.

Considering that preparing microparticle drugs enhances their solubility and bioactivity, it is the pharmaceutics’ interest to have more information about the drug’s particle size, hence, it is essential to study a drug’s particle size and morphology. So far, no work has been done on the particle size of acamprosate calcium. In this work, micronized acamprosate calcium was first prepared, then its water solubility was investigated. To this aim, acamprosate calcium was synthesized from 1, 3-propane sultone through two-step reactions. The resulting powder was then micronized using Triton-X-100 using the in situ micronization method. The resulting micronized particles were found to be highly pure (99. 7 %). The micronized acamprosate calcium's particle size was less than 10 µm. Kinetic solubility studies showed that micronized acamprosate calcium's water solubility had improved compared to bulk particles of acamprosate calcium.

This research work focuses on the performance optimization of composites containing both micron and nano size TiO2 particles separately in various concentrations and to understand the role of each on the thermal stability and moduli of the composites. Thermal stability of the particle-reinforced composites increased on increasing the concentration of TiO2, both in nano and micron filled cases, except for the 2.5 wt% nano-filled composite. Storage modulus (E’) increased on adding micron-TiO2 to the epoxy hardener resin system from 1-2.5-5 wt% respectively and decreased dramatically on further increasing the micron TiO2 content to 7.5 and 10 wt% respectively. Nano TiO2 particle-reinforced composites showed an increasing trend of storage modulus for 2.5-5-7.5 wt% TiO2 filled composites with respect to the neat resin system. Presence of both micron and nano TiO2 particles increased the Tg of the composites. Also, the effect of sonication on the modulus and Tg is discussed. As a whole, composites in which the TiO2 particles were dispersed through the resin matrix by glass rod revealed better results (higher storage moduli and Tg) than those mixed by sonication, due to high viscosity of the epoxy resin used.